28 August, 2010

How far the covert assassination program has been an option for the governments?

The US government has been using assassination program against foreigners and Americans who can become a potential threat to their national interest and national security. COINTELPRO was developed by FBI and so many people were under the surveillance. The CIA's assassination of presidents and PMs around the world became quite popular strategy. They often use the local police officers, solders, local informants or mind controled individuals for the plots. The assassination of the Angolan president Lumumba might be a rare case for the CIA officer actually commiting the murder.
Of course, the CIA has executed covert assassinations of foreigners for decades. But tragically, Obama is expanding this program to include American, non-Islamic, stateside, homegrown terrorists.

It all started in January, when The Washington Post reported: "As part of the operations, Obama approved a Dec. 24 strike against a (Yemeni) compound where a U.S. citizen, Anwar al-Aulaqi, was thought to be meeting with other regional al-Qaeda leaders. Although he was not the focus of the strike and was not killed, he has since been added to a shortlist of U.S. citizens specifically targeted for killing or capture."

"A shortlist of U.S. citizens specifically targeted for killing"?

That's right. No arrest. No Miranda rights. No due process. No trial. Just a bullet.

While the Obama administration continues its Bush-blaming for the economy, it is mega-morphing Bush policy in covert ops overseas, which was, according to the Post, "to kill U.S. citizens abroad if strong evidence existed that an American was involved in organizing or carrying out terrorist actions against the United States or U.S. interests."
(http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=38266)
Japanese government often follows the policy of the US government. I think they might be applying the same strategy for tracking down the target on their lists. Or, the list might be extended by the allies to include the potential threats in the foreign countries. If a foreigner criticize the US government policy, the one would be listed as a threat.

27 August, 2010

Remote Neural Monitoring

The core system of thought reading and thought induction would be based on Remote Neural Monitoring (RNN). I found a good web page for the brief understanding of the technology.

RNM has been developed after about 50 years of neuro-electromagnetic involuntary human experimentations. According to many scientists, within a few years it is expected that DNA microchips will be implanted in the human brain which would make it inherently controllable. With RNM, it will be possible to read and control a person's emotional thought processes along with the subconscious and dreams. At present, around the world, supercomputers are monitoring millions of people simultaneously with the speed of 20 billion bits per second especially in countries like USA, Japan, Israel and many European countries.

What does it do?

For purposes of electronic evaluation, electrical activity in the speech centre of the brain can be translated in to the subject's verbal thoughts. RNM can send encoded signals to the auditory cortex of the brain directly bypassing the ear. This encoding helps in detecting audio communication. It can also perform electrical mapping of the brain's activity from the visual centre of the brain, which it does by bypassing the eyes and optic nerves, thus projecting images from the subject's brain onto a video monitor. With this visual and audio memory, both can be visualised and analysed. This system can, remotely and non-invasively, detect information by digitally decoding the evoked potentials in 30-50Hz, 5 millwatt electromagnetic emissions from the brain. The nerves produce a shifting electrical pattern with a shifting magnetic flux which then puts on a constant amount of electromagnetic waves. There are spikes and patterns which are called evoked potentials in the electromagnetic emission from the brain. The interesting part about this is that the entire exercise is carried out without any physical contact with the subject.

The EMF emissions from the brain can be decoded into current thoughts, images and sounds in the subject's brain. It sends complicated codes and electromagnetic pulse signals to activate evoked potentials inside the brain, thus generating sounds and visual images in the neural circuits. With its speech, auditory and visual communication systems, RNM allows for a complete audio-visual brain to brain link or a brain-to-computer link.

Of course, the mechanism needs to decode the resonance frequency of each specific site to modulate the insertion of information in that specific location of the brain. RNM can also detect hearing via electromagnetic microwaves, and it also features the transmission of specific commands into the subconscious, producing visual disturbances, visual hallucinations and injection of words and numbers in to the brain through electromagnetic radiation waves. Also, it manipulates emotions and thoughts and reads thoughts remotely, causes pain to any nerve of the body, allows for remote manipulation of behaviour, controls sleep patterns through which control over communication is made easy. This can be used for crime investigation and security management.

(http://hubpages.com/hub/Remote-Neural-Monitoring--A-Technology-Used-For-Controlling-Human-Brain)

Such involuntary experiments would be done in many hospitals and other institutions. I assume El Camino Hospital is one of the institution that has been using patients for the experiment. For the gang stalking victims, they are often threatened by the strangers as mentally ill and they are encouraged to see a psychiatrist for their mental problem. Perhaps, if the victims list up the institutions they are encouraged to visit, we might find the trace of how the voluntary experiments have been practiced around the world. Also, some Japanese scientists are part of the study on human brains just like their dream of researches in the space.

22 August, 2010

Project Artichoke held in Japan, Germany, and Panama

MKULTRA covert mind control operation held in Montreal, Canada, is probably the best known human rights operation by the CIA. However, Project Artichoke which is later named as MKULTRA was the operation held in many countries.
"Stories also circulated about Artichoke's "secret prisons" in Germany, Japan, and Panama, where suspected double agents were held and interrogated with techniques that according to Tim Weiner, verged 'on the edge of torture.'"
(Commentary Magazine, The 35-Years War on the CIA, December 2009, p.14-15)

It seems the operation was held in Japan as well as in Germany and Panama. I wonder which Japanese psychiatrists were engaged in the operation. No body really try to reveal such thing. There must be the innocent victims who were used in the operation with the claim of double agents and convenient guinea pigs. I can assume that the people who were thought as communists would be tortured by the National Public Safety Commission (Kokka Koan Iinkai) because the Koan agents were responsible for the surveillance on communists at that era. Maybe sending people on the governments' blacklist to the mental institution has been routinly done since Project Artichoke. The method would be simple; the police and intelligence informants build up a suspicion on the individual or tricks the one to be suspicious, then they make the claim of the one to be mentally ill and that claim must be recognized as the purpose of social assassination of the individual's character in the society. Also, the psychiatrists can simply make up a diagnosis and kidnap the individual in their hospital for the covert operation. I can tell that is what Dr. Peter Newsom, Dr. Robert Burr, Dr. Charles Lou are up to in El Camino Hospital. I have the evidence of illigal kidnapping from my hospital record about them.

プロジェクト・アーティチョークは、MKULTRAの前身ですが、コメンタリーマガジンの2009年12月号によると、ダブル・エージェントと思われた人たちは、ドイツ、日本、パナマで最大限の威力を発揮する尋問を受けたようです。MKULTRAの有名なものは、カナダのモントリオールで行われたものがあるのですが、日本でも意外と人体実験が行われていた可能性があるみたいです。集団ストーキングで、精神病に仕立て上げる人々がいますが、彼らのような人が、数十年前から同じやり方で対象になった人物を精神病に仕立て上げているのかもしれません。

20 August, 2010

The reason why the TIs are surrounded by the people trying to have sexual relationship

I think prostitute claim is one of the common accusation in gang stalking. It's not only popular for the gang stalking but also the agents who tried to claim the sexual harassment by their bosses. The use of the method is written in the book, Piercing the Veil of Secrecy: Litigation Against U.S. Intelligence.

Basically, why the victim suddenly surrounded by the people looking for close relationship is that these people are trying to make the evidence of the victim to be the one with such "dirty record." These people engaged in "one-way investigation" is to prove the victim's suspicious behavior rather than their claims on another person who they want to protect.

Because what they are doing is the proving something afterwards, so the victim won't have any suspicious records before them. Probably, the beginning of their such claim has been started from the time the victim complained about the sexual harassment or became the target of gang stalking.

17 August, 2010

Internet Kill Switch Bill and Barak Obama


The comic created with Chogger tool and the original place of upload was here.

16 August, 2010

Good Sumaritan or the game of undercover officers

These days, it is hard to help others without thinking the situation as the plot for making up the crimes by the undercover officers and the police officers who are simpleton and too lazy to work on their jobs. In UK last year, a young man who found a cell phone and brought it to police on his 18th birthday ended up being claimed as the thief and stayed his day in the jail. From my experience of living with gang stalkers who are communicating with Canton police officers in Switzerland, I learned that these stalkers are the professional liers to make up stories against their victim so that the one remains suspicious and undesirable in the society. When I brought he stalking and other damages to the police, they tried to ignore my claim. If you try to help someone in the opposite sex, he might claim you as the prostitute seducing him if he is a perpetrator. If you don't believe this, check out my video of how Somali refugee, Abkur Dalow Abshir, stalked me and tried to give me alcohol and asked to have sex. That happened in the old Aarau train station. Police officers cannot do anything to what they do as if they are invincible from the law enforcement.

Today, I saw a tourist couple who were walking in a hallway of a building. When they saw me, they asked me if I know where they can use the Internet. First, I thought I just give them a location near the train station which is easy to find but far from the building. Then I tried to leave the place. But when I went out from the building and saw them still stood in the street, I somehow had the feeling of remote hypnosis - this is much clear as the same V2K perp was doing but I was vulnerable to have my own thought of being careful with the strangers who are often the perps trying to do some skits. It was like I got the sensation of trying to help someone sometimes. How do I recognize that was the hypnosis? It was in Japanese and was done by the known perp's voice. Now I learned more about the V2K perps better and I am capable of recognizing which one speaking - they seem to have 8 to 12 hour shifts. Anyway, I asked them if they are looking for a hotspot and they said that's fine. So, I helped them to get to an Internet Café on the same street to the North. Actually, I was heading to the nearby restaurant to grab my lunch, so I felt no reason to be too defensive. On the way, I asked them how long are they planning to stay in the area and they said they would stay for 1 week. And they asked me the same in return. When we reached near the café, the man speaked me something in the local language. I don't really know the slung and I could not understand that one, so I pretend to ignore what he said. I don't really know about the 2 sentences he made when we reached near the café. If they are the perpetrators and trying to make up a story for some claims against me, that would be how that happened.

Ever since I met John and Phosphone "Lynn" Edwards in Mountain View, CA, and the gang stalkers in Switzerland, I became careful about the people making up false claims on others.

Since now I live in several area, I learned new information to give me more depths to my understanding on gang stalking phenomenon. For example, I learned the foreign perps might be the people studying or working in the area and pretending to be tourists and such to communicate with the victim in hotels. They just show up again as if they do not care about the situation like they just repeatedly visiting the same hotel in short period of time like few weeks. And these people often are studying the local languages or engaged in the study of the culture or the religion in the country. Such attitude proves that they are somewhat more than merely tourists. For example, I met Spanish and German woman who were studying Arabic in this country, and a Japanese guy who speaks Serbian in Serbia. The local translators might be helping the covert operation as they are capable of speaking the native language of the victim. Another matter is that the reason why the perps in the new area use the same tactics would be because that is the stereotyped strategy against the TI. They might learn it in the name of the local crime prevention.

For next few postings would be about Japan. It's from my own experience with my family, and I hope that might help Japanese victims. I did not know my Japanese posting were quite popular in the search result, so I am planning to write in Japanese. It would eventually added to my home page.

Dr. Harold A. Abramson and his child abuse

Psychiatrists are in the position to do anything they want on their patients. If they want to experiment a new method like electroshock, they can try it without an informed consent from the patient because the one supposed to be crazy and cannot understand what human right is. There are many psychiatrists who took the advantage of their position to exploit the patients' will and human rights, I think someone should right about the hidden enslavement in modern history by the psychiatrists. If it is about the intelligence tagging with psychiatrists, no one, even the law and law enforcement, cannot help the victims. I think such exercise of the mad scientists are nothing better than Nazis and 731 units' practices.

Dr. Bender's LSD Experiments on Children

Shortly after deciding to initiate her own LSD experiments on children, Bender attended a conference sponsored by a CIA front group, the Josiah Macy Foundation. The conference focused on LSD research and featured Dr. Harold A. Abramson as a presenter. In 1960, Abramson conducted his own LSD experiments on a group of six children ranging in age from five to 14 years of age. A few short months after the Macy Foundation conference, Dr. Bender was notified that her planned LSD experiments would be partially and surreptitiously funded by the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology (SIHE), another CIA front group then located in Forest Hills, New York. The Society, headed by James L. Monroe, a former US Air Force officer who had worked on top-secret psychological warfare and propaganda projects, oversaw about 55 top-secret experiments underwritten by the CIA. These projects involved LSD, ESP, black magic, astrology, psychological warfare, media manipulation, and other subjects. Apparently, Bender's work with children and LSD raised some concerns at the CIA's Technical Services Division (TSD). A 1961 TSD memo written to Monroe questioned the "operational benefits of Dr. Bender's work as related to children and LSD," and requested to be kept "closely appraised of the possible links between Dr. Bender's project and those being conducted under separate MK/ULTRA funding at designated prisons in New York and elsewhere."

In 1960, Dr. Bender launched her first experiments with LSD and children. They were conducted within the Children's Unit, Creedmoor State Hospital in Queens, New York. The LSD she used was supplied by Dr. Rudolph P. Bircher of the Sandoz Pharmaceutical Company. (Dr. Bircher also provided Bender with UML-491, also a Sandoz-produced product, very much like LSD but sometimes "dreamier" in effect and longer lasting.) Her initial group of young subjects consisted of 14 children diagnosed schizophrenic, all under the age of 11. (Because diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, autism, and other disorders have changed over the decades, one cannot assess what actual conditions these children really had.) There were 11 boys and three girls, ranging in age from six to ten years old.

Jean Marie is almost seven years old. She came here nearly a year ago after her parents abandoned her to the care of an aunt who had no interest in raising her. Marie, who prefers to be called Jean, is shy, withdrawn, and distrustful of most adults she encounters. There are reports she may have been sexually molested by her uncle ... Despite her withdrawn nature she smiles easily, and enjoys the company of other children. After receiving LSD on three occasions earlier this month, Marie ceased smiling at all and lost any interest in others her age ... In the past week, she seems to have become easily agitated and has lost any interest in reading, something she seemed to very much enjoy before treatment.

In a published report on her 196 LSD experiments with 14 "autistic schizophrenic" children, Bender states she initially gave each of the children 25 mcg. of LSD "intramuscularly while under continuous observation." She writes: "The two oldest boys, over ten years, near or in early puberty, reacted with disturbed anxious behavior. The oldest and most disturbed received Amytal sodium 150 mg. intramuscularly and returned to his usual behavior." Both boys were then excluded from the experiment.

The 12 remaining children were then given injections of 25 mcg. of LSD and then days later were each given 100 mcg. of LSD once a week. Bender's report states: "Then it was increased gradually to twice and three times a week as no untoward side-effects were noticed.... Finally, it was given daily and this continued for six weeks until the time of this report."

Bender's findings and conclusions concerning her LSD experiments indicated she found the use of the drug promising. Bender reported: "In general, they [the children] were happier; their mood was 'high' in the hours following the ingestion of the drug ... they have become more spontaneously playful with balls and balloons ... their color is rosy rather than blue or pale and they have gained weight." Bender concluded: "The use of these drugs [LSD, UML-401, UML-491] ... will give us more knowledge about both the basic schizophrenic process and the defensive autism in children and also about the reaction of these dilysergic acid derivatives as central and autonomic nervous system stimulants and serotonin antagonists. Hopefully these drugs will also contribute to our efforts to find better therapeutic agents for early childhood schizophrenia."

In an article published in 1970, Dr. Bender reported on the results of LSD dosing upon "two adolescent boys who were mildly schizophrenic." She reported that the boys experienced perceptual distortions. They thought the researchers were making faces at them, that their pencils were becoming "rubbery," and one boy reported the other boy's face had turned green. The boys began to complain that they were being experimented upon. Even so, Bender and her associate continued the two male adolescents on a regimen of 150 mcg. per day, in divided doses, of LSD. While one of the boys supposedly "benefited very much," Bender reported that he later returned to the hospital as "a disturbed adult schizophrenic." The other boy kept complaining that he was being experimented upon and they stopped giving him LSD, not because of the drug's effects itself, Bender explained, but "because of the boy's attitude towards it," which she attributed to "his own psychopathology."

Dr. Bender's LSD experiments continued into the late 1960s and, during that time, continued to include multiple experiments on children with UML-401, a little known LSD-type drug provided to her by the Sandoz Company, as well as UML-491, also a Sandoz product. Bender's reports on her LSD experiments give no indication of whether the parents or legal guardians of the subject children were aware of, or consented to, the experiments. Without doubt, parents or guardians were never informed that the CIA underwrote Bender's work. Over the years, there have been multiple reports that many of Bender's subject children were either "wards of the State" or orphans, but the available literature on the experiments reveals nothing on this. The same literature makes it obvious that the children had been confined to the Creedmoor State Hospital for long periods of time and that many, if discharged, needed "suitable homes or placements in the community." There is also no evidence that any follow-up studies were conducted on any of the children experimented upon by Dr. Bender. Today, Dr. Bender is best known and highly regarded in some circles as the creator of the Bender-Gestalt Test, which measures motor skills in children.

On Bender's use of LSD on children, Dr. Leon Eisenberg said years later: "She did all sorts of things. Lauretta Bender reached success in her career long before randomized controlled trials had even been heard of. She didn't see the need for trials of drugs because she was convinced she knew what worked." (See: "A History of Autism: Conversations with the Pioneers" by Adam Feinstein, Wiley-Blanchard, 2010.) Many other physicians speaking privately were far less diplomatic in condemning Bender's LSD work, but, still today, many are reluctant to criticize her, and, remarkably, many of the aging stalwarts of the arguable "virtues" and "potential" of LSD continue to cite her work with children as groundbreaking science.

Today, nearly 60 years beyond the horrors of Dr. Bender's CIA-sponsored experiments on children, few people are aware that they were conducted. For most people, regardless of their awareness of the experiments, it is difficult to fathom how intelligent, highly educated physicians and scientists could partake in such brutal, uncaring, unethical and illegal experiments on children. What was the basis of their motivation? Was it the quest for some sort of elusive medical grail? Was it for economic gain? Or was it simply the result of a misguided search for knowledge that appeared so infinitely important that any sense of compassion and respect for human rights and dignity was cast aside in the name of a higher goal or good - a search at times so exhilarating with the sense that one is at the precipice of a momentous discovery that any semblance of respect for humankind was thrown aside?

One can easily come to any and all these conclusions simply by reading the professional papers of such scientists and researchers. Not once do any of these papers express concern for the subjects at hand or denote any pangs of conscience at violating any oaths, codes and statutes regarding patient rights, human rights or human dignity. That America's most shameful period of human experimentation, the years 1950 through to about 1979, came on the heels of the making and adoption of the Nuremberg Codes only adds to the shame and hypocrisy. Today, human experimentation is still aggressively conducted by US government-sponsored and employed physicians and scientists regardless of those codes, which came directly out of the shocking madness of the Nazi era. That government-sponsored experimentation still occurs makes a mockery of any governmental efforts, however valid, to protect people from science run amok - and a nation that uses its young, its children, for such pursuits is a nation whose commitment to human rights and democratic principles should be seriously questioned and challenged.

(http://www.truth-out.org/the-hidden-tragedy-cias-experiments-children62208)


The article contains two CIA-front groups. Perhaps such organizations the only one that will survive in the economic crisis. Governments always help their agencies. Stay away from the employees of these organization or they might put you into new covert operation like electronic harassment.
  • The Josiah Macy Foundation
  • T Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology (SIHE)
And I wonder what Dr. Peter Newsom at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, CA, doing to the children there. He was the psychiatrist made up a claim of me as gravely disabled and tried to keep me there for whatever the reason. He seemed to engage in some child psychology and sometimes he traveled to visit child psychology conference.

14 August, 2010

Agressive secuirty as a part of store attitude

I watched this video today and wondered why the security guards are so aggressive. They seem to be good candidates for the American food ball or rugby teams. It happened in a shopping mall. Each customer will eventually leave from the entrance doors. The shopping malls often have surveillance cameras installed to monitor the customers. What is the point of tackling down a customer when the one just missed to hear the store alarm?

In my experience as a TI, I have heard alarms quite often at stores. When I shopped at a store near Hotel San Carlos, I found out the alarm kept beeping when I tried to leave the store with my groceries. I think it happened at Walgreens in Namaste Plaza in Belmot, CA. I stopped at the door and tried to check if a clerk came to check my grocery, but none came. I tried to ask the clerk about the alarm, the clerk at the casher said to me that it was broken. When I returned to my car, the driver's seat door was open. It was like my car was just vulnerable for any kind of theft. My car had the remote lock and I have never forget to close my car door when I go out. It was the first and last time I saw my car door opened when I was shopping in a store.

Alarm has been used for sensitization in gang stalking, so if I see a man tackled down and got caught in front of me at a store, I would think as a skit done by the security perps and their friend. Indeed, I saw a crazy Turkish man with long hair tackling to the glass entrance door at Vallorbe, the refugee center near Geneva, Switzerland. In that center, no one was allowed to go out without permission. While I was waiting, he ran up from the hallway screaming and tackled to the door. Few guards were following after him and caught him after his hitting the door. The man started screaming about Americans raping him and such in a jail in Turkey. I heard them clear because he was speaking in English. After that, I found out all of them including the man started talking in French. And later, I met some black women asking to have some sexual activity which I denied. All of them were around 18 years old and speak French. Next day, a man called Chimzee from Nigeria started talking with me about his sexual problem. I don't know if that was the plots for the gang stalkers to claim me as sexually active or not. These people asking me about sex were all blacks and speaking French. That building had table tennis equipment in the basement and a small football court in the outside area.

Does anyone know which store this security assault happened? Maybe the local people with disabilities can engage in boycotting the store for protesting. Some people talking with phone on headphone and listing iPods could become another victims from the same store in future. And actually, I think the store don't need a tight security if their guards can communicate well with the securities at the entrances.

By the way, I know a famous problem about the food court in Vally Fair Shopping Mall? I heard about the problem of frequent thefts of drinks and breads at one store. After you order your food or drink, you wait in another counter to get it. When they are crowded, someone else would snatch your meal. I thought that one really needs better security option. Bad security policy can affect the customer opinions.

08 August, 2010

V2K radio speech

I found out that the V2K perps are capable of making the victim to speak up the exact words they imput. I don't know the technology behind this, but it seems there are two types to make the victim to speak up something that perps wants to make the one to speak.

1. Persuasion by the remote hypnosis.
2. Send the message to be speak out directly through the victim's voice instead of sending the message to the brain.

The first one is the regular hypnosis. It may be through the subliminal messages and verbal persuasion by the V2K perps. I think this type of hypnosis is easily accomplished by following strategies.

1. Persuasion + reasoning of why the one should act so. They keep sending such messages through V2K, then the victim will feel like the one has been listening to the advertisement over and over. Isn't it how MKULTRA victim tested?
2. The victim is in a stressful situation and make the one frustrated and hard to concentrate on one's own thinking. For example, when the victim has extreme thirst or has injury. Such pain and discomfort helps the hypnosis win the mind over the victim's will.

The second method is to use the victim's mouth as the speaker. In this case, the victim do not hear persuasion to speak up what they say, but rather the one speaks up and hears what V2K perps saying. The significant characteristic of this speech is that the voice is totally different from the victims. The tone of the voice is exactly same as the V2K perps, so recording it may help to identify the actual perps working in the covert operation. Not all the V2K perps are capable to use this radio method but only few who are not the regular ones to send voices. They seems to have specific one or two members to engage in this method while others are capable of joining V2K in the regular method. One tactics to mimic the victim to look like having the multiple personality disorder is creating a conversation with one speaker to speak about a matter and add simple "um.." or "yeah.." or "wow" as the response. Because these words are not from the mind of the victim, the victim feels like he/she hears the voices as if the one listens to a radio. Another method is to make the victim to feel angry then add the speech through the victim's mouth. In this case, the victim will speak up the speech loudly than in the normal case. Such mouth becoming like a radio seems a strange expression, but TIs knows enough about muscle spasm and other effects on their bodies from EH, so they can think this as another type of EH. The prevention is close one's mouth tight and stick one's tongue to the palate and keep no space between the tongue and the plate. It somehow keeps the V2K perps to use one's mouth as a radio.

According to the V2K perps, these speech technologies are created to help identifying the people with aggressive behavior. Although a victim does not use offensive words in one's life, these techniques can help the victim to speak aggressively and helps to ruin the relationships.

03 August, 2010

I feel like I got strange fortune cockie results in my comments to my recent postings.

I noticed some Chinese speakers making a short comments to my recent posts. I don't really see the reason they make such nonsense replies with "................" to link to odd sites. What these links are for? I googled them and saw them like Chinese sites. I only read Chinese if its about the restaurant menu. If the link is like the spam site like the one I got to my email claiming to be Microsoft yet the address was with .cn, I guess I should just collect all information in one place as the analysis.

Monika's SSN gets spammers occasionally, and I noticed that they seems the same people doing it because the spammers share the same location like Santa Monika, CA for the sign up. It's good to know what sites are on the spam lists and who wrote down as the comments.